Probst G. J. B. (1985) Some cybernetic principles for the design, control, and development of social systems. Cybernetics and Systems 16(2–3): 171–180. https://cepa.info/3845
Excerpt: If a firm is to survive and be efficient in a complex environment that is constantly changing in unforeseeable ways, it is necessary for it to constantly adjust and adapt to such a large number of factors that the adaptation can only be carried out by taking into account self-organizing systems processes. We are therefore very much interested in the principles of self-organization that may be found in any viable system. In talking about a system-based approach to management of purposeful social systems, this is probably one of the most important concepts, though it is not the only one.
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