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Hendry D. G., Frommer M. & Walker R. A. (1999) Constructivism and problem-based learning. Journal of Further and Higher Education 23(3): 359–371. https://cepa.info/6488
Hendry D. G.
,
Frommer M.
&
Walker R. A.
(
1999
)
Constructivism and problem-based learning
.
Journal of Further and
Higher Education
23(3): 359–371.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/6488
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Constructivism is a philosophy based on the fundamental assumption that knowledge cannot exist outside our minds. Knowledge cannot be given from one mind to another. New knowledge is ‘constructed’ or created from within individuals through experience. In
higher education
, problem‐based learning (PBL) is an accepted instructional method or strategy for structuring learners’ experiences. We apply constructivist philosophy to PBL and incorporate the following variables: prior knowledge, quality of problems, tutor performance, group functioning, time spent in individual study, interest in subject matter, and assessment in a model of students’ learning in a medical course. Regardless of the specific teaching methods adopted in
higher education
, students’ creation of high levels of understanding and competence are promoted when arousal is optimised, self‐efficacy is maximised and anxiety is minimised. An optimal learning environment in a PBL course includes teaching that supports reflection and cooperation, sufficient time for independent study, and formative and summative assessment that is aligned with students’ learning issues.
Lenartowicz M. (2015) The nature of the university. Higher Education 69(6): 947–961. https://cepa.info/2619
Lenartowicz M.
(
2015
)
The nature of the university
.
Higher Education
69(6): 947–961.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/2619
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Higher education
research frequently refers to the complex external conditions that give our old-fashioned universities a good reason to change. The underlying theoretical assumption of such framing is that organizations are open systems. This paper presents an alternative view, derived from the theory of social systems autopoiesis. It proposes that organizations, being open systems, are yet operationally closed, as all their activities and interactions with the environment are aspects of just one process: the recursive production of themselves, according to a pattern of their own identity. It is their identity that captures exactly what can and what cannot be sustained in their continuous self-production. Examining the organizational identity of universities within the theoretical framework of autopoiesis may hence shed new light on their resistance to change, explaining it as a systemic and social phenomenon, rather than an individual and psychological one. Since all processes of an autopoietic system are processes of its self-production, this paper argues that in the case of traditional European universities, the identity consists in the intertwinement of only two processes: (1) introducing continuous change in the scope of scientific knowledge and (2) educating new generations of scholars, who will carry on this activity. This surprisingly leaves at the wayside seemingly the most obvious “use of the university’: the adequate education of students for the job market.
Key words:
European university
,
Traditional university
,
Social system
,
Autopoiesis
,
Organizational identity
,
Resistance to change
Murray J. (2006) Cybernetic circularity in teaching and learning. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education 18(3): 215–221. https://cepa.info/6417
Murray J.
(
2006
)
Cybernetic circularity in teaching and learning
.
International Journal of Teaching and Learning in
Higher Education
18(3): 215–221.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/6417
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This article presents an investigation into the meaning of ‘learning’ It uses cybernetics as a framework to look at the fundamental questions of: What is learning and why do people learn? Why do they learn this (and not something else)? How does learning happen? The article first describes the origin of cybernetics and its central tenets of circularity, feedback and communication, which suggest that learning is fundamentally about living. The living system learns as it fits with the environment in an integrated brain/body/environment learning system. This leads to a discussion of teaching and learning as building relationships with self and others in communication, with self and others, with or without the intention of changing and being changed in the encounter. Teacher and learner inevitably change (learn) as they interact whatever the context. The article suggests that what is happening in the encounter between teacher and learner, that which we call ‘learning’, happens to each of us in the same way all of the time. Learning is change; change learning. ‘Teacher’ and ‘Learner’ change (learn) together in a constant feedback network of communication.
Neubert S. & Reich K. (2018) Fake news and alternative facts: A constructivist critique of the current right-wing populist will to truth. International Research in Higher Education 3(1): 70–76. https://cepa.info/7357
Neubert S.
&
Reich K.
(
2018
)
Fake news and alternative facts: A constructivist critique of the current right-wing populist will to truth
.
International Research in
Higher Education
3(1): 70–76.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/7357
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This chapter focuses on rhetorical strategies employed in right-wing populist discourses like the talk about “fake news” and “alternative facts” most prominently used in the Trump campaign and in the first year of his presidency. We discuss what is at stake in current politics regarding the relation between power and truth and propose some perspectives for critical reflection. First, we explore the concept of truth from a pragmatist and constructivist perspective. We argue that there is a fundamental and necessary distinction between relativism and arbitrariness. Second, we consider the role of facts and scientific results in culture and society and the role that markets play in the distribution and dissemination of information and beliefs in a consumer society. We refer to Foucault’s critical concept of the “will to truth” in order to argue that there are standards and procedures regarding facts and beliefs in modern society – e.g., practices that have shown their relative success in the hard and soft sciences – that must be defended against arbitrary assults by right-wing propaganda. We conclude by considering the necessary connection between a plurastic concept of truth and democratic politics in the face of the current right-wing attempts to establish a regime of truth that is fundamentally detrimental to democracy.
Key words:
constructivism
,
pragmatism
,
will to truth
,
anti-democratic rhetorical strategies
,
michel foucault
,
john dewey
Newell T. (2009) Can a Christian be a constructivist? Contact Newsletter of the International Association for the Promotion of Christian Higher Education 21(1): 2–3. https://cepa.info/7458
Newell T.
(
2009
)
Can a Christian be a constructivist?
.
Contact Newsletter of the International Association for the Promotion of Christian
Higher Education
21(1): 2–3.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/7458
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Excerpt:
The idea that knowledge is mainly of individual “construction” should challenge Christians. But could a bigger picture allow Christian educators to draw confidently on constructivism?
Rovai A. P. (2003) A constructivist approach to online college learning. The Internet and Higher Education 7(2): 79–93.
Rovai A. P.
(
2003
)
A constructivist approach to online college learning
.
The Internet and
Higher Education
7(2): 79–93.
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The key elements of online course design and pedagogy suggested by research as promoting effective learning are discussed through the lens of constructivist epistemology. Presentation of content, instructor–student and student–student interactions, individual and group activities, and student assessment are each addressed, in turn. The focus is on learning and recognition that, from time-to-time, all students are teachers as they bring diverse expertise, experiences, and worldviews to the task of learning. Reflection on past experiences, interaction with other members of the learning community, immediate instructor behavior, authentic group activities, and diverse assessment tasks with timely and detailed feedback are underscored.
Key words:
learning
,
constructivism
,
higher education
,
distance education
,
course design
,
pedagogy.
Swan K., Garrison D. R. & Richardson J. C. (2009) A constructivist approach to online learning: The community of inquiry framework. In: Payne C. R. (ed.) Information technology and constructivism in higher education: Progressive learning frameworks. IGI Global, Hershey PA: 43–57. https://cepa.info/5755
Swan K.
,
Garrison D. R.
&
Richardson J. C.
(
2009
)
A constructivist approach to online learning: The community of inquiry framework
.
In: Payne C. R. (ed.)
Information technology and constructivism in
higher education
: Progressive learning frameworks
. IGI Global, Hershey PA: 43–57.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/5755
Copy Citation
This chapter presents a theoretical model of online learning, the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, which is grounded in John Dewey’s progressive understanding of education. The CoI framework is a process model of online learning which views the online educational experience as arising from the interaction of three presences – social presence, cognitive presence, and teaching presence. Each of these three elements in the CoI framework are described and related to Dewey’s work, and research findings and issues concerning them reviewed. The development of a common CoI survey measure that promises to address some of these issues is described and discussed. The chapter concludes with emerging findings from new studies which use the CoI survey, directions for future research, and practical uses of the CoI framework.
Uden L., Liu K. & Shank G. (2001) Linking radical constructivism and semiotics to design a constructivist learning environment. Journal of Computing in Higher Education 12(2): 34–51. https://cepa.info/4747
Uden L.
,
Liu K.
&
Shank G.
(
2001
)
Linking radical constructivism and semiotics to design a constructivist learning environment
.
Journal of Computing in
Higher Education
12(2): 34–51.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/4747
Copy Citation
Radical constructvists believe that knowledge is not disembodied but intimately related to the action and experience the learner. It is always contextual and never separated from the knower. There is no objective reality that is independent of human mental activity. Radical constructivism shares many philosophical perspectives with the semiotic model of Stamper (1993) Semiotics claims that knowledge of the wodd is mediated through signs. A radical subjective synthesis of semiotics and radical constructivism leads to two axioms: There is no known reality without an agent, and the agent constructs reality through his action. This paper begins with a brief review of the philosophies of radical constructivism and semiotics, followed by a discussion of the implications of semiotics for radical constructivist leaming. It concludes with the design of a constructivist learning environment using the semiotic perspective as manifested by Stamper.
Key words:
radical constructivian
,
semiotics
,
learning environment
,
collaborative
,
affordances
,
agents
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