Duffy T. M. & Cunningham D. J. (1996) Constructivism: Implications for the design and delivery of instruction. In: Jonassen D. H. (ed.) Educational communications and technology. Simon & Schuster Macmillan, New York: 170–199. https://cepa.info/5195
Duffy T. M. & Jonassen D. H. (1991) Constructivism: New implications for instructional technology? Educational Technology 31(5): 7–12. https://cepa.info/6736
Excerpt: Constructivism provides an alternative epistemologica! base to the objectivist tradition. Constructivism, like objectivism, holds that there is a real world that we experience. However, the argument is that meaning is imposed on the world by us, rather than existing in the world independently of us. There are many ways to structure the world and there are many meanings or perspectives for any event or concept. Thus, there is not a correct meaning that we are striving for.