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Glasersfeld E. von (1974) Jean Piaget and the radical constructivist epistemology
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Winograd T. & Flores F. (1987) On Understanding Computers and Cognition: A New Foundation for Design: A response to the reviews. Artificial Intelligence 31(2): 250–261. https://cepa.info/5324
Winograd T.
&
Flores F.
(
1987
)
On Understanding Computers and
Cognition
: A New Foundation for Design: A response to the reviews.
Artificial Intelligence
31(2): 250–261.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/5324
Copy
Excerpt:
In Understanding Computers and
Cognition
, we presented a theory of language, on which we base our understanding of
cognition
and of computers. It includes some basic assertions about how language works […] The reviews collected here offer a striking validation of this theory. The same piece of language (in this case, our book) produced four widely different understandings, each generated within the background of a particular listener. The important issue is not that different reviewers “liked” the book more or less, but that they heard it as addresing different concerns in different ongoing conversations. We will begin our response by examining their interpretations and the backgrounds in which they arose.
Wright C. D. (2008) Embodied cognition: Grounded until further notice. British Journal of Psychology 99: 157–164. https://cepa.info/4512
Wright C. D.
(
2008
)
Embodied
cognition
: Grounded until further notice.
British Journal of Psychology
99: 157–164.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/4512
Copy
Excerpt:
Review of: Grounding
cognition
: The role of perception and action in memory, language, and thinking, By Diane Pecher and Rolf A. Zwaan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN-13: 978–0–5218–3464–3
Xu F. (2011) Rational constructivism, statistical inference, and core cognition. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 34(3): 151–152.
Xu F.
(
2011
)
Rational constructivism, statistical inference, and core
cognition
.
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
34(3): 151–152.
Copy
I make two points in this commentary on Carey (2009). First, it may be too soon to conclude that core
cognition
is innate. Recent advances in computational cognitive science and developmental psychology suggest possible mechanisms for developing inductive biases. Second, there is another possible answer to Fodor’s challenge – if concepts are merely mental tokens, then cognitive scientists should spend their time on developing a theory of belief fixation instead.
Zaslawski N. & Arminjon M. (2018) Shaun Gallagher and the Sciences of the Mind: Recontextualizing “Decentered” Cognition. Constructivist Foundations 14(1): 1–8. https://cepa.info/5577
Zaslawski N.
&
Arminjon M.
(
2018
)
Shaun Gallagher and the Sciences of the Mind: Recontextualizing “Decentered”
Cognition
.
Constructivist Foundations
14(1): 1–8.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/5577
Copy
Context:
Shaun Gallagher’s work is very influential in contemporary philosophy, especially when it comes to the mind, to philosophical issues raised by developmental psychology, and to intersubjectivity.
Problem:
Classical cognitivism” has been, and often still is dominating the sciences of the mind. The reasons for this dominance include being implementable on computers, being consistent with Darwinism, and being allegedly experimentally testable. However, this dominance could just as well be a historical phase as cognitivism is disconnected from biological, anthropological, and neuroscientific research.
Method:
We historically and epistemologically contextualize how Gallagher contributed to bringing the body and subjectivity back to the center of the sciences of the mind by focusing on two examples: theory of mind and evolutionary psychology.
Results:
Both contemporary epistemologists and Gallagher’s work indicate why classical cognitivism provides a flawed model of
cognition
, especially when it comes to its explanatory scope: embodiment, subjectivity, and intersubjectivity, among other things, are fundamentally mistreated by cognitivism.
Implications:
Gallagher helped to structure what Andler calls “heterodoxical” approaches to
cognition
by conceptualizing a unifying framework, the so-called “E-approaches.” This unification has the major implication of leading Gallagher to a model in which
cognition
is “decentered,” which helps tackle the philosophical issues one might encounter when narrowing down philosophy of
cognition
.
Constructivist content:
We apply E-approaches to the philosophy of
cognition
, psychology and social sciences.
Key words:
Philosophy of mind
,
philosophy of cognitive science
,
history of science
,
embodiment
,
E-approaches
Ziemke T. (2005) Cybernetics and embodied cognition: On the construction of realities in organisms and robots. Kybernetes 34(1/2): 118–128. https://cepa.info/784
Ziemke T.
(
2005
)
Cybernetics and embodied
cognition
: On the construction of realities in organisms and robots.
Kybernetes
34(1/2): 118–128.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/784
Copy
Purpose:
To point out the relevance of Heinz von Foerster’s work to modern embodied cognitive science and artificial intelligence research.
Approach:
The paper discusses (a) von Foerster’s contributions to understanding the limitations of the computer metaphor which has long dominated cognitive science, and (b) his theories concerning how reality is constructed in organizationally closed organisms, and what the underlying neural mechanisms are. The latter is exemplified with a simple neuro-robotic model that illustrates the constructive and anticipatory nature of memory.
Findings:
von Foerster’s work on the integration of a radical constructivist philosophy of knowledge construction with models of the underlying neurophysiological and sensorimotor mechanisms is still highly relevant to the understanding of embodied
cognition
and robotic models thereof.
Value:
This paper identifies conceptual contributions that von Foerster’s constructivist cybernetics can make to cognitive science’s still limited understanding of the embodiment of
cognition
and “representation.”
Relevance:
The paper addresses the relevance of radical constructivism in general, and von Foerster’s work in particular, to modern embodied cognitive science and artificial intelligence research.
Key words:
Cognition
,
cybernetics
,
artificial intelligence
,
reality.
Ziemke T. (2016) The body of knowledge: On the role of the living body in grounding embodied cognition. Biosystems 148: 4–11. https://cepa.info/4367
Ziemke T.
(
2016
)
The body of knowledge: On the role of the living body in grounding embodied
cognition
.
Biosystems
148: 4–11.
Fulltext at https://cepa.info/4367
Copy
Embodied
cognition
is a hot topic in both cognitive science and AI, despite the fact that there still is relatively little consensus regarding what exactly constitutes ‘embodiment’. While most embodied AI and cognitive robotics research views the body as the physical/sensorimotor interface that allows to ground computational cognitive processes in sensorimotor interactions with the environment, more biologically-based notions of embodied
cognition
emphasize the fundamental role that the living body – and more specifically its homeostatic/allostatic self-regulation – plays in grounding both sensorimotor interactions and embodied cognitive processes. Adopting the latter position – a multi-tiered affectively embodied view of
cognition
in living systems – it is further argued that modeling organisms as layered networks of bodily self-regulation mechanisms can make significant contributions to our scientific understanding of embodied
cognition
.
Key words:
allostasis
,
cognitive systems
,
grounding
,
homeostasis
,
embodied ai
,
embodied cognition
,
emotion
,
intentionality
,
predictive regulation
,
representation
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