Lefebvre V. A. (1986) Second order cybernetics in the soviet union and the west. In: Trappl R. (ed.) Power, autonomy, utopia: New approaches toward complex systems. Plenum Press, New York NY: 123–131.
Lefebvre V. A.
(
1986)
Second order cybernetics in the soviet union and the west.
In: Trappl R. (ed.) Power, autonomy, utopia: New approaches toward complex systems. Plenum Press, New York NY: 123–131.
In the early 1960's, cybernetics underwent surprising changes: an investigator studying Universum suddenly turned into the object of investigation. The languages of systems representation and cognitive research procedures themselves became the objects of investigation – just as morphological and functional structures were before. The process of “self – objectification” began independently in the Soviet Union and in the West. This shows that cybernetics develops according to its own immanent logic and independent of current fashions, the individual priorities of particular scientists or cultural stereotypes. On the other hand, the differences between Soviet and Western approaches make it very interesting to compare them. Their integration will allow us to see more clearly the general structure of the set of problems, methods and schemes which is called cybernetics.
Lefebvre V. A. (2002) Second order cybernetics in the soviet union and the west. Reflexive Processes and Control 1(2): 83–90.
Lefebvre V. A.
(
2002)
Second order cybernetics in the soviet union and the west.
Reflexive Processes and Control 1(2): 83–90.
Excerpt: In the early 1960s, cybernetics underwent surprising changes: an investigator studying Universum suddenly turned into the object of investigation. The languages of systems representation and cognitive research procedures themselves became the objects of investigation – just as morphological and functional structures were before. The process of self-objectification began independently in the Soviet Union and in the West. This shows that cybernetics develops according to its own immanent logic and independent of current fashions, the individual priorities of particular scientists or cultural stereotypes. On the other hand, the differences between Soviet and Western approaches make it very interesting to compare them. Their integration will allow us to see more clearly the general structure of the set of problems, methods and schemes which is called cybernetics.